112 Essential Oils: The Ultimate Guide

Essential oils have been around for a long time, but they’ve increased in popularity over recent decades. Because essential oils can come from almost any plant source, that means there are hundreds of them out there, which can get overwhelming!

We’ve done a TON of research so you don’t have to!

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll review:

• Common uses of essential oils
• Best essential oils for particular uses
• Popular essential oils
• Safety considerations
• Considerations for choosing an essential oil manufacturer
• Methods of producing essential oils
• Profiles for 112 different essential oils, including potential benefits and scent notes, to help you choose which oils might be best for you!

What are essential oils?

Essential oils are concentrated extracts of plants, which have been used as far back as 4500 BC for cosmetic and therapeutic purposes. 

When essential oils are created, they retain the original smell, taste, and even color of the plant they came from. Each essential oil is unique because it comes from a different plant with specific benefits and varying scents.

Methods of extraction

Steam distillation

The most popular method of extracting essential oils, steam distillation involves exposing the plant to steam and vaporizing the compounds, which are later condensed and collected.

Some plants are too fragile for steam distillation, but the majority of essential oils are produced this way.

Solvent extraction

Solvent extraction uses food-grade solvents to isolate the compounds from the plant. This method is best suited for plant sources that produce low-yield amounts, and it can remove some of the pigments and other aspects of the essential oil in the meantime.

CO2 extraction

During CO2 extraction, liquid CO2 is used as a solvent to extract essential oils. CO2 extraction doesn’t expose the plants to high heat like steam distillation (95-100 degrees Fahrenheit vs. up to 212 degrees Fahrenheit for steam distillation), which means some of the natural properties are preserved, such as color. 

Essential oils produced through CO2 extraction are often thicker and give off a stronger aroma compared to steam-distilled oils.

Maceration

During the maceration process, the plants are finely cut or ground. Then, a carrier oil acts as a solvent, from which the solid pieces are later strained around one week later. A vitamin E solution or wheat germ oil (high in vitamin E) is often added to prevent rancidity. Oils made this way are sometimes referred to as “infused oils”.

Enfleurage

This process isn’t typically used today, but it’s one of the older methods of essential oil extraction. Using solid fats (usually lard or tallow), the plants are pressed into the fat and allowed to sit for as long as needed to extract some of the essential oils. 

Once enough of the plant matter has seeped into the fat, it’s washed with alcohol to remove the “absolute” (essential oil) from the fat; the leftover fat can be used to make soap.

Cold Press Extraction

This method is used for citrus fruits and presses the oil from underneath the rind using a specific device. The oils are then collected and filtered to result in the end product.

Water Distillation

This method is preferred for delicate flowers that can’t undergo the steam distillation process. The plant material is submerged in boiling water to remove the oils, which then separate from the water after they’re cooled.

Shelf life & storage of essential oils

According to Young Living, most essential oils have a shelf life of 2-5 years if they’re stored correctly (in closed, dark bottles away from direct light and heat). Some essential oils may last longer than that, though!

Essential oils won’t go rancid as food can, but they will lose their prime scent and properties if they’ve been sitting for many years.

Single oils vs. blends

Essential oils can be sold singly or in blends. For instance, vanilla essential oil is just vanilla, whereas a blend for promoting relaxation might contain vanilla, lavender, and other essential oils mixed together.

Some oils and blends come prediluted in a carrier oil in a roller bottle, which allows you to apply it directly to your skin. 

Common uses for essential oils

Essential oils are used for a variety of purposes, such as:

• Potential therapeutic benefits (e.g. skin health, mood regulation, etc.)
• Aromatherapy
• Adding to cosmetics
• Using in (or as) air fresheners
• Cleaning product formulations
• Adding to food and drinks

Best oils for skin

Many essential oils tout potential benefits for the skin, such as helping to balance oily skin, prevent blemishes, and soothe skin irritations.

Some of the best essential oils for your skin include:

• Frankincense
• Helichrysum
• Lavender
• Rose
• Tea tree

Best oils for aromatherapy

Just like you might prefer a certain perfume, everyone has preferences when it comes to scents. Some of the most universally popular essential oils for aromatherapy include:

• Lavender
• Orange/citrus oils
• Peppermint
• Vanilla

Best oils for cleaning

Some essential oils can help cleanse surfaces and are popular for adding to commercial cleaning products, or they can be used in more natural DIY cleaning products.

Some essential oils popular for cleaning:

• Cinnamon
• Citrus-based oils like lemon, grapefruit, orange, etc.
• Eucalyptus 
• Peppermint
• Pine oil
• Tea tree oil

10 Most Popular Essential Oils

Since we’re on the topic of popular essential oils, let’s look at the ten most popular essential oils, according to some of the more popular essential oil manufacturers (listed alphabetically, not by popularity):

1. Clove oil
2. Eucalyptus
3. Frankincense
4. Lavender
5. Lemon
6. Lemongrass
7. Orange
8. Peppermint
9. Rosemary
10. Tea tree

Popular Blends of Essential Oils

Different essential oil brands will call their blends by different names (e.g. Young Living’s oil to promote courage is called “Valor”, while Revive’s equivalent is called “Courage”).

Some popular essential oil blends include:

• Those that promote a sense of calm/relaxation (usually include lavender and other oils)
• Sleep-promoting blends
• Immune health support blends
• Cleaning blends (e.g. Young Living’s “Thieves”)

How to mix essential oils with a carrier oil

The manufacturer of your essential oils will likely suggest a dilution ratio to mix with a carrier oil. If they suggest a specific dilution percentage, here’s how to achieve it:

According to the National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy, here are the guidelines for mixing essential oils with carrier oils. (6 teaspoons =1 ounce)

• 2.5% dilution: 15 drops essential oil per 6 teaspoons carrier oil
• 3% dilution: 20 drops essential oil per 6 teaspoons carrier oil
• 5% dilution: 30 drops essential oil per 6 teaspoons carrier oil
• 10% dilution: 60 drops essential oil per 6 teaspoons carrier oil

Simply mix the essential oil with a carrier oil in your palms before applying it, or in a small bowl to mix them before use. You can also buy empty roller bottles to create your own blends for easy on-the-go application. 

Methods of delivering essential oils

Diffusing/inhaling/dry evaporation

For aromatherapy or to freshen a space, there are several ways to deliver essential oils. The most popular are:

• Diffusing in water with a specific essential oil diffuser.
• Breathing in directly from the bottle, or applying the oil to your skin and inhaling the oil.
• Dry evaporation – such as soaking a cotton ball in an essential oil and placing it in your gym bag.

Skin application

Many oils can be applied topically, either neat (plain/not diluted) or diluted with a carrier oil. Some people prefer to add essential oils directly to their face wash, moisturizer, or other products, which is a method of diluting them.

You can look up whether an oil should be diluted or applied neat. If you have sensitive skin, you may want to dilute your essential oils with a carrier oil even if it can be applied neat.

Orally

Some essential oils are considered food-grade, which means they’re safe for oral consumption. This varies among manufacturers, so you should refer to your specific essential oil to determine if it’s safe to ingest.

Safety considerations

• Essential oils aren’t regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). That means that any claims made by the manufacturer might not be backed by scientific evidence.
  
  However, most manufacturers don’t make specific health claims about treating or curing a health condition and instead refer to the potential benefits as “supporting” certain aspects of health.

• When using a new essential oil, always perform a patch test before applying it over large areas of your skin. (A patch test involves applying the oil (diluted or neat) on a small area and watching for any signs of sensitivity over the next 24-48 hours.)

• Some essential oils (particularly citrus-based) are considered “photosensitive”, which means they can irritate your skin if exposed to UV light. These oils can cause painful burns if you are exposed to the sun soon after applying, or if you don’t practice safe sun practices like covering your skin or applying sunblock.

Considerations when choosing essential oils

Reputable brand/third-party testing

Because essential oils aren’t regulated by the FDA, it’s ideal to choose a manufacturer who provides updated data from neutral third-party testing to ensure the oils meet the expected chemical profile for that oil. 

Food-grade

Some essential oils are considered food-grade, which means they’re safe to ingest. When in doubt, consult the manufacturer of your essential oil to ascertain if it’s safe to ingest.

Certified organic

Just like foods and beverages, some essential oils come in Certified Organic options with a stamp from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) on the bottle. These oils use plant sources that are grown organically and are typically more expensive than the same oil in non-organic form.

Direct source versus multi-level marketing (MLM)

Some essential oil manufacturers are MLM companies, which means the oils are usually more expensive than if you purchase them directly from a distributor. An example of an MLM is Young Living, whereas one direct source company is Revive Essential Oils.

You should research manufacturers to determine which is the best choice for you, but know that there is usually a difference in cost between the two.

List of 112 essential oils

Note: Any potential benefits listed are simply what the essential oils are most commonly used for and may help with/support; this isn’t a statement of their ability to cure or treat any specific health condition.

African sandalwood (Brachylaena hutchinsii)

• Also known as Muhuhu, African Sandalwood might help combat feelings of stress and anxiety.
• Calming effects make African Sandalwood a good oil for meditation.
• Use as massage oil (mix with a carrier oil) to help relieve muscle tension, thanks to potential anti-inflammatory benefits.
• Scent notes: Balsamic, woody, warm, earthy, smokey

Amyris (Amyris balsamifera)

• May support healthy skin; add a few drops to a face-friendly carrier oil such as argan oil or jojoba oil and apply it to your face.
• Might have aphrodisiac properties.
• Diffuse to promote relaxation, or add to a water spray bottle to help deter insects.
• Scent notes: Sweet, woodsy, faintly peppery

Angelica root (Angelica archangelica)

• Described as having a “stimulating” aroma which might help support energy levels.
• Adding a few drops to hot water and inhaling the vapors might help ease stuffy airways.
• Might help ease minor stomach discomfort; try adding a drop or two to carrier oil and apply it to your abdomen.
• Scent notes: Warm, sweet

Balsam fir (Abies balsamea)

• Woody scent makes Balsam fir a great essential oil for diffusing around the holidays (goes great with the scent of clove!).
• Might help promote feelings of relaxation.
• Add to a carrier oil and apply to sore muscles for minor pain relief.
• Scent notes: Earthy, piney, fresh

Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

• May help promote healthy stress response, encourage relaxation, and support focus.
• Might help relieve minor digestive issues; apply a few drops to a carrier oil and apply to your stomach area.
• If the essential oil is food-grade, you can add a few drops in cooking in place of fresh basil.
• Scent notes: Sweet, herbaceous, fresh – similar to fresh basil

Bay (Laurel Leaf) (Laurus nobilis)

• Offers a comforting, uplifting scent for aromatherapy (pairs well with lavender, cinnamon, or lemon!).
• Add to massage oils to help with occasional muscle soreness.
• Use outdoors to deter pests; can also combine with essential oils like cedar, lavender, and citronella as natural bug repellents.
• Scent notes: Fresh, herbal, sweet, spicy

Bergamot (Citrus bergamia)

• Can be used as aromatherapy to help promote feelings of calm; described as being “uplifting”. 
• Blends well with lavender and lemon.
• May help purify the skin by fighting bacteria; try using as a natural acne treatment (after a patch test to assess sensitivity).
• Scent notes: Citrus, sweet, fruity, warm, floral

Birch (Betula lenta)

• Add to a carrier oil to use as a post-workout massage oil.
• Might help soothe minor skin irritations when applied topically via a carrier oil.
• Helps mask unwanted odors when diffused.
• Scent notes: Sweet, spicy, minty; similar to Wintergreen

Black pepper (Piper nigrum)

• Use in massage oil thanks to black pepper’s warming and natural anti-inflammatory properties.
• Can be taken orally to benefit from its natural antioxidant content.
• May act as a natural digestive aid; apply to your abdomen with a carrier oil to support healthy digestion.
• Scent notes: Warm, fresh, sharp, spicy, slightly sweet, woody

Black spruce (Picea mariana)

• Use as massage oil with a carrier oil to soothe fatigued muscles.
• May help support respiratory health.
• Diffuse to promote positive impacts on your mood and emotions.
• Scent notes: Balsamic, fresh, pine, slightly sweet, woody

Blood orange (Citrus sinensis)

• Photosensitive essential oil (like all citrus), so take caution if applying it topically before sun exposure.
• Pleasant scent helps energize and lift mood.
• Potential anti-inflammatory benefits; apply sparingly and cautiously to skin (see warning above) to reduce signs of inflammation.
• Scent notes: Citrus, fresh, tangy, warm.

Blue cypress (Callitris intratropica)

• Help fight mosquitoes naturally by applying Blue cypress topically via a carrier oil.
• Might have a “grounding” effect on emotions when used as aromatherapy, which is described as promoting healthy emotional responses.
• Can be applied to irritated skin via a carrier oil.
• Scent notes: Sweet, slightly minty, woody; similar to Sandalwood

Blue tansy (Tanacetum annuum)

• Also known as Moroccan Tansy, Moroccan Blue Chamomile, and Moroccan Chamomile.
• Known for its potential to uplift mood when used for aromatherapy.
• When applied topically, it may help soothe skin and fight blemishes. Be sure to dilute Blue Tansy, since its blue color might discolor your skin or clothing if applied neat (not diluted).
• Scent notes: Fruit, balsamic, herbaceous, apple-like

Buddha wood (Eremophila mitchellii)

• Described as having a “grounding” scent.
• Use before bedtime to promote healthy sleep; pairs well with Vetiver and Bergamot.
• Add a few drops to a water spray bottle to naturally repel pests such as ticks and mosquitoes.
• Scent notes: Woody, slightly smokey, leather-like, earthy

Cajeput (Melaleuca leucadendra)

• While claims of benefits from essential oils aren’t backed by the FDA, many people use Cajeput to help with ailments like minor colds, congestion, headaches, toothaches, and more.
• Can be applied topically to ease muscle aches.
• Scent notes: Fresh, slightly fruity; similar scent as eucalyptus

Caraway (Carum carvi)

• May offer gastrointestinal benefits when taken orally (for oils deemed safe for consumption).
• Can be used in cooking in place of caraway seeds.
• Used in traditional Chinese Medicine to support respiratory health.
• Might balance oily skin when applied topically.
• Scent notes: Spicy, fruity, woody; some compare the scent to freshly-baked rye bread

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)

• Can support a healthy respiratory system when diffused. 
• Use cardamom essential oil in recipes.
• Apply topically with a carrier oil for a warming sensation.
• Scent notes: Spicy, fruity, warm, balsamic

Carrot seed (Daucus carota)

• Contains natural antioxidants (carrots are rich in beta carotene, a precursor to antioxidant vitamin A), so applying carrot seed oil might help support a healthy immune system.
• Might support healthy hair and skin; add a few drops to coconut oil or olive oil for a hair mask, or to another carrier oil and apply to your skin as a lotion.
• Scent notes: Woody, earthy, slightly spicy

Cassia (Cinnamomum cassia)

• Diffuse along with oils like sweet orange, clove, and other spices for a holiday-like scent.
• May help reduce feelings of stress when used aromatically. 
• Scent notes: Cinnamon-like, spicy, slightly woody

Cedarwood (Juniperus virginiana) – other variations include Atlas cedarwood, Himalayan Cedarwood

• Cedarwood has a calming scent; diffuse it with lavender, clary sage, or vetiver to help promote feelings of relaxation.
• Mix with citronella and add to a carrier oil to act as a natural repellent for pesky insects like mosquitoes.
• Add a few drops to your favorite skincare products (lotions, etc.) to promote healthy skin.
• Scent notes: Woody, balsamic, slightly sweet, mild, pleasant

Celery seed (Apium graveolens)

• May help aid in healthy digestion when taken internally (1-2 drops daily).
• Add a few drops to a carrier oil for post-workout muscle tenderness.
• Has a calming, uplifting effect when diffused.
• Scent notes: Spicy, warm

(Roman) Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis)

• May help combat anxious feelings by promoting relaxation.
• Can be used as a natural sleep aid when diffused or taken orally (great addition to bedtime tea).
• Scent notes: Herbal, slightly fruity

Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum)

• Can be used in cooking in place of fresh cilantro.
• Might help support digestive health along with complementary oils like lemon and ginger.
• Apply topically with a carrier oil to offer support against seasonal allergies.
• Scent notes: Sweet, herbaceous

Cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum zeylanicum)

• Diffuse to freshen up the air; pairs well with tangerine, clove, and other spices/citrus fruits.
• Dilute with a carrier oil for a warming massage oil (dilute to 0.07% due to the spicy nature of cinnamon, which might irritate your skin.)
• Never apply cinnamon oil neat, which could cause rashes or burns.
• Add a drop to honey and add to warm tea to soothe itchy, scratchy throats.
• Scent notes: Warm, sweet, spicy

Citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus)

• A great natural insect repellent, you can diffuse citronella or apply it mixed with a carrier oil directly to your skin.
• Add a few drops to face wash to help balance oily skin.
• Diffuse to freshen up your space and add a pleasant scent.
• Scent notes: Grassy, sweet, lemon-like

Clary sage (Salvia sclarea)

• A popular essential oil for supporting hormonal balance in women.
• Diffuse clary sage to support emotions and promote stress relief.
• Scent notes: Sweet, fruity, herbaceous

Clementine (Citrus clementina)

• An uplifting scent that can be calming when diffused.
• Add to a carrier oil and massage on your abdomen (along with ginger or peppermint) to soothe minor stomach upset.
• Add a few drops to your favorite skincare products to promote healthy skin.
• Scent notes: Sweet, citrus, tangy

Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata)

• Dilute with a carrier oil and apply to your gums and teeth to promote oral health.
• Add to cleaning products for natural germ-fighting.
• Diffuse for a stimulating, energizing aroma; pairs well with cinnamon, grapefruit, lemon, and peppermint.
• Scent notes: Smells like cloves; spicy and rich

Coffee (Coffea robusta)

• Add to a carrier oil and apply topically to promote smoother-looking skin.
• Mix a couple of drops in shampoo to help stimulate your scalp.
• Diffuse for an energizing scent; pairs well with vanilla, peppermint, copaiba, and sandalwood.
• Unlike most essential oils, coffee essential oil is thick and viscous, so try warming the bottle in your hands before using to help it flow more freely.
• Scent notes: Strong smell of dark-roast coffee

Copaiba balsam (Copaifera langsdorffii)

• Copaiba has a calming scent; diffuse it along with complementary scents from frankincense, lavender, or rose to help reduce anxious feelings.
• Apply to a carrier oil and apply to offer relief from minor pains.
• Can promote healthy skin when applied to skin care products like lotions and creams.
• Scent notes: Woody, subtly sweet, honey-like

Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum)

• Apply a drop or two of coriander seed oil to water to use as a mouth rinse to support oral hygiene.
• Apply to facial cleansers or toners to help with oily skin.
• Diffuse to promote relaxation and improve mood.
• Scent notes: Herbaceous, citrus undertones, sweet

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum)

• Use in place of ground cumin in recipes.
• Can be taken orally to support digestive health.
• Scent is described as warming and rich; pairs well with spices like coriander and cilantro.
• Scent notes: Warm, rich, spicy

Cypress (Cupressus)

• Fresh, clean, uplifting aroma for diffusing.
• Can help with oily skin and may reduce the appearance of blemishes.
• When applied to the skin, cypress provides an “invigorating” sensation.
• Scent notes: Herbaceous, clean, woody, fresh

Davana (Artemisia pallens)

• Davana has a pleasant scent; diffuse it or apply it to your wrists as a natural perfume.
• Apply a few drops to facial cleansers, lotions, etc. to promote skin health.
• Scent notes: Sweet, fruity

Dill (Anethum graveolens)

• Can support healthy sleep and reduce feelings of stress; pairs well with citrus oils for this use.
• Take orally to promote immune and digestive health (one drop in water).
• Scent notes: Herbaceous, grassy, tangy

Elemi (Canarium luzonicum)

• Add to your favorite moisturizer or facial cream to help reduce the look of fine lines and wrinkles.
• Add a drop of Elemi along with eucalyptus to a carrier oil and apply to your head and neck to relieve muscle tension.
• Scent notes: Fresh, lemony, clean, peppery

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus)

• Add eucalyptus to hot water and inhale to promote respiratory health and clear out stuffy nasal passages.
• Massage eucalyptus diluted in a carrier oil into your temples to relieve muscle tension in your head and neck.
• Pairs well with cedarwood, lavender, tea tree, and rosemary.
• Scent notes: Fresh, herbal, menthol

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)

• Can help promote healthy digestion when taken orally.
• Stimulating scent can be diffused along with lavender to help boost mood.
• Scent notes: Licorice-like, sweet, floral

Frankincense (Boswellia carterii) – variations include Sacred, Serrata

• This type of Frankincense is among the most popular (Boswellia Carterii).
• Can promote smooth, healthy skin and reduce the appearance of blemishes when added to skincare products.
• May offer immune support when taken orally.
• Relaxing scent can be added to your bath or diffused.
• Scent notes: Spicy, clean, warm

Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens)

• Uplifting scent can be diffused to help reduce feelings of stress or anxiety.
• Promotes skin health; try adding a few drops to a carrier oil and apply to your face and skin.
• May help with hormone balance.
• Scent notes: Floral, sweet, fresh

Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

• Popular for use as a digestive aid, especially for combating nausea (both orally and when inhaled).
• Add a drop of ginger essential oil to a warm cup of tea to help soothe a scratchy, irritated throat.
• Pairs well with basil, cinnamon, clove, lavender, and peppermint for aromatherapy.
• Scent notes: Spicy, warm

Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis)

• Goldenrod’s relaxing scent makes it a good oil for medication to promote mental clarity and improved focus.
• Add to a carrier oil to use as a relaxing massage oil.
• Scent notes: Slightly sweet, herbaceous, grassy, earthy

Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi)

• Grapefruit’s cleansing and purifying properties make it a great addition to skincare products to promote healthy skin.
• Diffuse grapefruit to help relieve tension; pairs well with lemon, ylang ylang, and bergamot.
• Scent notes: Sweet, fresh, citrusy

Helichrysum (Helichrysum italicum)

• One of the more expensive essential oils, helichrysum promotes healthy skin by acting as a moisturizer and fighting blemishes.
• Can be applied to minor cuts and wounds to promote healing.
• Scent notes: Earthy, sweet, floral

Hemp (Cannabis sativa)

• Hemp has a relaxing scent and can be applied to tired muscles or to your temples/neck to relieve tension for minor pain relief.
• Add to a carrier oil or lotion to moisturize your skin.
• Pairs well with lemon, mint, and lavender.
• Hemp oil isn’t the same as CBD oil. Hemp oil is extracted from the seeds of the hemp plant, whereas CBD extracts the compound CBD from the flowers, stalks, and leaves of the hemp plant.
• Scent notes: Earthy, grassy

Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa)

• Also known as Japanese Cypress, Hinoki can help promote feelings of calm when diffused; pairs well with lemon, frankincense, and bergamot.
• May have antibacterial and antifungal properties.
• Can be mixed with a carrier oil and applied to your chest to combat congestion and support respiratory health.
• Scent notes: Balsamic, woody, sweet

Holy Basil (Tulsi) (Ocimum sanctum)

• Calming scent can promote a sense of peace and calm; good choice for diffusing while meditating.
• May help reduce the look of fine lines and wrinkles when applied to your favorite facial cream or moisturizer.
• Scent notes: Sweet/spicy, herbaceous, minty, licorice-like

Ho Wood (Cinnamomum camphora)

• Calming scent can be combined with lavender to promote relaxation and ease feelings of stress.
• Ho Wood has a cooling effect; apply it to a carrier oil and apply to your chest, back, and the soles of your feet to support respiratory health.
• Add a drop to a carrier oil to ease irritated health.
• Scent notes: Woody, camphor-like (camphor is used in VapoRub)

Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis var. decumbens)

• Dilute with a carrier oil and apply to minor cuts and wounds, or add it to your skincare products to act as a natural toner (helps remove impurities from your pores after you wash your face).
• May help support respiratory health; add a drop to a carrier oil and rub it on your chest and the soles of your feet.
• Scent notes: Herbal, warm, fresh

Jasmine (Jasminum officinale var. grandiflorum)

• Might support skin health by healing imperfections and promoting glowing skin.
• Pleasant scent makes jasmine a natural personal fragrance; simply apply a drop to your wrists and neck neat (no carrier oil needed).
• Jasmine essential oil is made by solvent extraction since it’s too fragile for steam distillation, which is why jasmine essential oil is often called an “absolute”, which is the most concentrated form of fragrance.
• Scent notes: Floral, sweet

Juniper berry (Juniperus communis)

• Juniper berry’s calming aroma might help relieve nervousness and tension when diffused.
• Applying to your skin with a low-comedogenic carrier oil might help with mild acne.
• Scent notes: Crisp, woody, sweet, earthy, very faint fruitiness

Kanuka (Kunzea ericoides)

• Kanuka is related to tea tree and eucalyptus oils with natural germ-fighting properties.
• Great for using in massage oils to soothe achy muscles and joints.
• Also called “white tea tree”, kanuka can be used in perfumes.
• Scent notes: Sweet, fresh, herbaceous

Kunzea (Kunzea ambigua)

• Helps freshen and cleanse the air to help remove unwanted odors.
• Similar scent as tea tree oil, but is described as being “more delicate”.
• Might help reduce the appearance of blemishes.
• Scent notes: Woody, sweet/spicy, fresh, crisp

Laurel leaf (Laurus nobilis)

• Might help ease stomach aches when applied with a carrier oil to your abdomen.
• Described as having an “uplifting” effect, try diffusing laurel leaf with sweet orange and ginger.
• Scent notes: Floral, spicy, herbal, sweet

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) (several variations)

• Known for its potential to promote healthy sleep, apply lavender oil topically or diffuse it at bedtime.
• May help promote feelings of relaxation and help ease stress; you can apply it neat (undiluted) or smell it directly out of the bottle.
• Soothing effects make lavender a good choice for applying to burns and minor cuts.
• Might help ease headache pain.
• Scent notes: Floral, fruity, sweet, herbaceous, woody

Lemon (Citrus limon)

• One of the most popular essential oils for cleaning products; add a few drops to a spray bottle with water to clean surfaces.
• Diffuse to help freshen and purify the air.
• Scent notes: Fresh, citrus, bright

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus)

• Acting as a natural insect repellent, lemongrass can be applied to both people and animals to protect against pests like fleas and mosquitos.
• Can be added to tea to support immune health.
• Scent notes: Fresh, lemony

Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora)

• May help soothe minor aches and pains; mix with a carrier oil and apply to aching joints before bedtime.
• Calming scent might help ease stress and calm nerves when diffused.
• Add to cleaning products for natural germ-fighting abilities. 
• Scent notes: Lemony-citrus, earthy

Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) – many variations

• Can be mixed with honey to add flavor to water or tea.
• Acts as a toner when applied to your skin; however, avoid direct sun contact after applying since lime is a photosensitive oil.
• Can be added to cleaning products (such as vinegar diluted with water) to clean surfaces.
• Scent notes: Lime, tart, citrus

Litsea (Litsea cubeba)

• Described as having a lemony-aroma, litsea can be diffused to promote a “fresh and bright” scent.
• Can be used as a massage oil for tired muscles, or mixed with skincare products to help reduce blemishes.
• Scent notes: Fresh, sweet, fruity, lemon-like

Magnolia (Michelia alba)

• May help calm and soothe irritated skin.
• Calm, pleasant scent makes magnolia a good choice for a natural personal fragrance in place of perfumes.
• Described as having a calming scent, diffuse magnolia along with complementary scents like bergamot, jasmine, or cedarwood.
• Scent notes: Floral, sweet

Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) – some variations such as Red and Green Mandarin

• Sweet and calming, mandarin has less of a stimulating scent than other types of citrus oils.
• Diffuse for an uplifting and relaxing effect.
• Scent notes: Sweet, tart, slight floral undertones

Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium)

• Helps neutralize unpleasant odors when diffused; can also be added to cleaning products.
• May help reduce the look of blemishes.
• A good beauty oil for skin and nails.
• Scent notes: Warm, earthy, woody

Melissa (Melissa officinalis)

• One of the more expensive essential oils because it’s harvested from a seasonal plant that produces low yields.
• Relaxing aroma might help promote feelings of calm.
• Can be used topically to promote skin health and radiance.
• Scent notes: Grassy, lemony

Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha)

• May help support youthful-looking skin when applied to your face (mix it with your favorite facial moisturizer or cream).
• Cleansing properties might help freshen your mouth when a drop is applied to your toothpaste.
• Scent notes: Balsamic, warm, smoky

Myrtle (Myrtus communis)

• Can help promote healthy, glowing skin when applied to your favorite facial skincare products.
• Apply diluted to your chest and back to promote respiratory health.
• Diffuse before meditating or to increase your focus and mindfulness.
• Scent notes: Sweet, fresh, slight camphor smell (like VapoRub)

Neroli (Citrus aurantium)

• Known as a “mood booster”, you can apply neroli to your pulse points (temples, neck, arm, etc.) or diffuse it.
• Apply to your face with a carrier oil to help promote skin health and reduce the appearance of blemishes.
• Scent notes: Orange, floral

Niaouli (Melaleuca viridiflora)

• Known for not being the “best smelling” oil, niaouli has a strong, camphoraceous aroma and is closely related to tea tree.
• Can be added to a water spray bottle to clean household surfaces.
• Apply to facial cleanser or toothpaste for a stimulating clean.
• Scent notes: Strong, camphor-like, eucalyptus-like

Nootka (Cupressus nootkatensis)

• Natural insect repellent; add a few drops and apply with a carrier oil to ward off insect bites.
• Described as having an energizing and refreshing scent, diffuse Nootka alone or with a citrus-based oil.
• Add a few drops to a carrier oil and apply all over for a cleansing effect.
• Scent notes: Woody, leathery, cumin-like spice

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)

• Can help support oral health; add a drop to a carrier oil and rinse your mouth with nutmeg oil.
• May help ease feelings of anxiety when diffused or added to a bath.
• Scent notes: Rich, sweet, spicy, woody

Ocotea (Ocotea quixos)

• Also called “false Canela” or “false cinnamon”, Ocotea has a warm, spicy aroma similar to cinnamon.
• Historically, Ocotea essential oil was used in cleansing rituals.
• Can help cleanse the skin when applied topically; dilute with a carrier oil first.
• Scent notes: Warm, spicy, cinnamon-like

Orange (Citrus sinensis) – many variations

• Bright, citrusy aroma can promote an uplifted mood and offset unwanted odors when diffused.
• Can help reduce the appearance of blemishes when applied topically (use sun protection since it’s a photosensitive oil).
• Add to a water spray bottle to clean surfaces in your home.
• Edible versions can be used to replace orange peel in recipes.
• Scent notes: Sweet, tangy, juicy

Oregano (Origanum vulgare)

• May help support digestive health when consumed (one drop in a glass of water).
• Might offer immune support; add some to the soles of your feet diluted with a carrier oil.
• Scent notes: Spicy, camphor-like, herbaceous, sharp

Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini)

• May offer immune support; apply topically or diffuse Palmarosa for a soothing scent.
• Can be used to balance the skin.
• Scent notes: Floral, earthy, green

Palo Santo (Bursera graveolens)

• Diffuse Palo Santo to help purify the air and rid your space of bad odors.
• Considered relaxing, calming, and grounding, apply Palo Santo to your forehead and temples with a carrier oil, or use in a massage oil.
• Scent notes: Dry, sharp, earthy, peppery

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin)

• Known for its ability to help promote calming, diffuse Patchouli along with complementary scents like Bergamot, Clove, and Lavender.
• Mix with a carrier oil or aloe vera to soothe skin and reduce breakouts.
• Add a few drops to a carrier oil for a relaxing scalp massage.
• Scent notes: Earthy, warm

Peppermint (Mentha Piperita)

• Peppermint is known for its potential to soothe stomach upset when taken orally.
• Many people use peppermint to ease headaches when inhaled.
• Mix a drop in water for a homemade mouthwash.
• Add to a carrier oil and apply topically for a fresh, cooling sensation.
• Scent notes: Strong, invigorating, sharp, minty, cool

Petitgrain (Citrus aurantium)

• May help support immune health; try adding a drop of Petitgrain to a glass of water.
• Diffuse or add to your bath for a calming effect.
• Scent notes: Peppery, citrusy, fruity

Pine (Pinus sylvestris)

• Pine’s energizing aroma can be combined with a mixture of water and witch hazel for a homemade room freshening spray.
• May promote skin health; add pine oil to a carrier oil and apply to your face and skin.
• Blends well with oils like Citronella, Eucalyptus, and Frankincense.
• Scent notes: Woody, earthy, fresh

Pink grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi)

• A hybrid of red and white grapefruit, pink grapefruit can be added to skincare products to promote glowing skin (avoid sun exposure after applying since citrus oils cause photosensitivity).
• Diffuse for a purifying, uplifting scent.
• Scent notes: Sweet, juicy, fresh, citrus

Pink pepper (Schinus molle)

• Made from dried berries, pink pepper can be used in place of black pepper in recipes, yet is considered “sweeter” than black pepper.
• May help support digestive health.
• Scent notes: Sweet, spicy, balsamic, peppery

Plai (Zingiber cassumunar)

• May help promote relaxation.
• Combine with lemongrass to act as a natural insect repellent.
• May offer minor pain relief when applied topically to sore muscles.
• Scent notes: Peppery, dry, spicy, camphoraceous

Ravensara (Ravensara aromatica)

• May help promote relaxation; diffuse or apply topically with a carrier oil.
• Use as a massage oil to help support minor pain relief.
• Scent notes: Spicy, herbal

Ravintsara (Cinnamomum camphora)

• May help support respiratory and immune health.
• Make a salve with Ravintsara and coconut oil to apply to your feet, back, and chest.
• Apply diluted to soothe skin irritations.
• Scent notes: Similar to eucalyptus, herbaceous, sweet-spicy

Rosalina (Melaleuca ericifolia)

• Considered a gentler, child-safe version of eucalyptus oil, Rosalina oil might help support respiratory health.
• Diffuse for a “mood balancing” effect.
• Scent notes: Lemon-like, medicinal

Rose (Rosa damascena)

• Fun fact – it takes over 50 pounds of rose petals to make a 2.5-milliliter bottle of rose essential oil, and is among the most expensive essential oils,
• May help promote healthy skin and complexion; add a drop or two into a carrier oil or apply it neat to problem areas.
• Diffuse rose oil to enjoy the scent or apply it to your skin as a natural perfume.
• Scent notes: Floral, sweet

Rose geranium (Pelargonium roseum)

• May promote skin health; apply in a carrier oil to your face and skin.
• Diffuse or add to a warm foot bath to promote relaxation.
• Scent notes: Sweet, floral, earthy, fruity

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

• May help promote focus; some people like to diffuse rosemary when studying or trying to memorize things.
• Might support hair health; apply with a carrier oil and apply with a scalp massage.
• Can enhance the flavor of meat when cooking.
• Scent notes: Fresh woody, herbal

Rose otto (Rosa x damascena)

• Obtained from pink damask roses, rose otto may help promote feelings of calm and relaxation.
• May help promote skin health by boosting hydration.
• Scent notes: Floral, hints of soft citrus and faint pepper aroma

Sage (Salvia officinalis)

• Diffuse sage to help freshen and purify the air.
• May help support memory.
• Scent notes: Herbaceous, sweet, slight camphor scent

Sandalwood (Santalum album) – several variations

• May promote healthy skin; apply with a carrier oil to support smooth skin.
• Described as having a calming effect, diffuse sandalwood to soothe feelings of anxiousness and boost your mood.
• Scent notes: Warm, woodsy, earthy

Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum)

• Beneficial for skin health; promotes skin softness and helps tone skin.
• Described as having an energizing and uplifting scent, diffuse sea fennel or inhale it directly to help improve a sense of focus.
• Scent notes: Fresh, green, notes of lemon and carrot

Siberian Fir (Abies sibirica)

• Use with a carrier oil for massaging after being active.
• When applied topically, Siberian Fir may help soothe minor skin irritations.
• Diffuse Siberian Fir for a relaxing scent.
• Scent notes: Green, woody, fresh

Spearmint (Mentha spicata)

• With its stimulating and refreshing scent, spearmint can be diffused or added to a water spray bottle to freshen your space; also pairs well with basil and lavender.
• Add a drop to a cup of water as a fresh mouthwash. 
• Scent notes: Sweet, minty, bright

Spikenard (Nardostachys jatamansi)

• Also called “nard” and “muskroot”.
• Add to facial cleanser or soap to help support healthy skin.
• Diffuse Spikenard to promote a relaxing atmosphere.
• A popular oil for meditation or prayer.
• Scent notes: Spicy, woody, earthy

(Black) Spruce (Picea mariana)

• May support respiratory health; apply to your chest diluted in a carrier oil.
• Might support feelings of relaxation when diffused.
• Scent notes: Balsamic, slightly sweet, woody, piney

Sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana)

• May help with minor pain relief; add to a carrier oil to massage sore muscles, or apply it to your temples/forehead to relieve any tension.
• Diffuse to naturally help purify the air.
• Scent notes: Medicinal, herbaceous, sweet

Tangerine (Citrus reticulata)

• May have an uplifting and calming effect when diffused.
• Add to water to use as a natural cleaning agent for wiping surfaces.
• Add a drop to water to support immune health.
• Scent notes: Fresh, citrus-like

Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus)

• May help support digestive health when consumed; add a drop to tea or warm water after eating.
• Used to increase appetite in some cases.
• Scent notes: Sweet, anise-like, spicy

Tea tree (Melaleuca) (Melaleuca alternifolia)

• Helps cleanse and purify your skin, as well as helping to soothe minor cuts and wounds.
• Add a few drops of tea tree oil to your face wash or shampoo; tea tree is known to help fight dandruff.
• Add a few drops of tea tree oil to water to use as a natural cleaner for household surfaces.
• Scent notes: Sharp, medicinal, menthol, herbal

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)

• Mix with a carrier oil and apply it to your skin to act as a natural insect repellent.
• May support immune health when taken orally.
• Scent notes: Herbaceous, sweet, warm

Turmeric (Curcuma longa)

• May help promote clear skin and fight breakouts when applied topically.
• Might support immune health.
• Scent notes: Fresh, spicy, woody

Valerian (Valeriana wallichii)

• Popular essential oil to use to promote sleep.
• May promote a calming effect when diffused; consider adding lavender and orange to offset valerian’s strong aroma.
• Scent notes: Intense aroma; smoky, musty

Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia)

• Produced using solvent extraction since vanilla beans are too delicate for steam distillation (the most common method of producing essential oils).
• Pleasant scent can be used as a natural perfume.
• Calming aroma when diffused.
• When prepared with food-grade solvents, vanilla essential oil can be used in baking in place of vanilla extracts.
• Scent notes: Rich, sweet, warm

Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanoides)

• A popular essential oil to promote focus and calm; add it to your bath or diffuse.
• Might support immune health.
• Scent notes: Rich, sweet, heavy

Vitex (Vitex agnus-castus)

• Also known as chasteberry.
• May support hormonal balance in women.
• Scent notes: Bittersweet, floral, spicy, woody

White lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)

• A popular oil to use in perfumery.
• Considered a precious oil, which makes it more expensive than many other oils.
• Scent notes: Floral, sweet, fruity

White fir (Abies alba)

• Pleasant scent is popular around the holidays; mix with water and alcohol and use as a room freshener spray, especially if you have an artificial tree.
• Add to a carrier oil for a relaxing massage oil.
• Scent notes: Earthy, piney, fresh

Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens)

• Apply to a carrier oil to use as a soothing massage oil.
• Use to freshen the air or mask foul odors.
• Scent notes: Sharp, fruity, minty

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)

• Dark blue in color, yarrow essential oil is similar to chamomile in its soothing properties.
• May help reduce inflammation, such as irritated skin.
• Scent notes: Sharp, woody, slightly sweet, herbaceous

Ylang ylang (Cananga odorata)

• Acts as a great natural perfume, especially when paired with scents from oils like lavender, orange, and grapefruit.
• The scent is described as “uplifting” and promoting positivity.
• Scent notes: Sweet, floral, herbaceous

Yuzu (Citrus junos)

• May support respiratory health; mix with a carrier oil and apply it to your chest and back.
• Might help fight feelings of anxiety when diffused or applied diluted to your wrists and neck.
• Scent notes: Citrus-like, zesty, refreshing

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